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Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948) Introduction Mahatma Gandhi, born as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, was one of the greatest leaders in world history and the most prominent figure in India’s struggle for independence from British rule. He is widely known as the “Father of the Nation” in India. His life was dedicated to truth, non-violence, justice, equality, and the upliftment of the poor and oppressed. Gandhi’s philosophy of Satyagraha (truth-force) and Ahimsa (non-violence) not only helped India gain freedom but also inspired civil rights movements around the world. This essay covers everything about Mahatma Gandhi from A to Z — his birth, education, struggles, principles, movements, achievements, personal life, and lasting legacy. Early Life and Family Background Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 in Porbandar, a coastal town in Gujarat, India. His father, Karamchand Gandhi, was the Diwan (chief minister) of Porbandar State. His mother, Putlibai, was a deeply religious woman whose d...